require(quanteda)
options(width = 110)
toks <- tokens(data_char_ukimmig2010)
You can see how keywords are used in the actual contexts in a concordance view produced by kwic().
kw_immig <- kwic(toks, pattern = "immig*")
head(kw_immig, 10)
## Keyword-in-context with 10 matches.
## [BNP, 1] | IMMIGRATION | : AN UNPARALLELED CRISIS WHICH
## [BNP, 16] SOLVE. - At current | immigration | and birth rates, indigenous
## [BNP, 78] a halt to all further | immigration | , the deportation of all
## [BNP, 85] the deportation of all illegal | immigrants | , a halt to the
## [BNP, 169] Britain, regardless of their | immigration | status. - The BNP
## [BNP, 197] admission that they orchestrated mass | immigration | to change forcibly Britain's demographics
## [BNP, 272] grave peril, threatened by | immigration | and multiculturalism. In the
## [BNP, 374] ), legal Third World | immigrants | made up 14.7 percent (
## [BNP, 531] to second and third generation | immigrant | mothers. Figures released by
## [BNP, 661] are added in, the | immigrant | birth rate is estimated to
kwic() also takes multiple keywords in a character vector.
kw_immig2 <- kwic(toks, pattern = c("immig*", "migra*"))
head(kw_immig2, 10)
## Keyword-in-context with 10 matches.
## [BNP, 1] | IMMIGRATION | : AN UNPARALLELED CRISIS WHICH
## [BNP, 16] SOLVE. - At current | immigration | and birth rates, indigenous
## [BNP, 78] a halt to all further | immigration | , the deportation of all
## [BNP, 85] the deportation of all illegal | immigrants | , a halt to the
## [BNP, 169] Britain, regardless of their | immigration | status. - The BNP
## [BNP, 197] admission that they orchestrated mass | immigration | to change forcibly Britain's demographics
## [BNP, 272] grave peril, threatened by | immigration | and multiculturalism. In the
## [BNP, 374] ), legal Third World | immigrants | made up 14.7 percent (
## [BNP, 531] to second and third generation | immigrant | mothers. Figures released by
## [BNP, 661] are added in, the | immigrant | birth rate is estimated to
With the window argument, you can specify the number of words to be displayed around the keyword.
kw_immig3 <- kwic(toks, pattern = c("immig*", "migra*"), window = 7)
head(kw_immig3, 10)
## Keyword-in-context with 10 matches.
## [BNP, 1] | IMMIGRATION |
## [BNP, 16] BNP CAN SOLVE. - At current | immigration |
## [BNP, 78] will include a halt to all further | immigration |
## [BNP, 85] immigration, the deportation of all illegal | immigrants |
## [BNP, 169] crimes in Britain, regardless of their | immigration |
## [BNP, 197] that party's admission that they orchestrated mass | immigration |
## [BNP, 272] is in grave peril, threatened by | immigration |
## [BNP, 374] ( ONS ), legal Third World | immigrants |
## [BNP, 531] include births to second and third generation | immigrant |
## [BNP, 661] these figures are added in, the | immigrant |
##
## : AN UNPARALLELED CRISIS WHICH ONLY THE
## and birth rates, indigenous British people
## , the deportation of all illegal immigrants
## , a halt to the" asylum
## status. - The BNP will review
## to change forcibly Britain's demographics and to
## and multiculturalism. In the absence of
## made up 14.7 percent ( 7.5 million
## mothers. Figures released by the ONS
## birth rate is estimated to be around
If you want to find multi-word expressions, separate words by white space and wrap the character vector by phrase().
kw_asylum <- kwic(toks, pattern = phrase("asylum seeker*"))
head(kw_asylum)
## Keyword-in-context with 6 matches.
## [BNP, 1958:1959] all illegal immigrants and bogus | asylum seekers | , including their dependents.
## [BNP, 2159:2160] region concerned. An' | asylum seeker | ' who has crossed dozens
## [BNP, 2192:2193] country. Because every' | asylum seeker | ' in Britain has crossed
## [BNP, 2218:2219] there are currently no legal | asylum seekers | in Britain today. It
## [BNP, 2265:2266] of illegal immigrants and bogus | asylum seekers | , that there are no
## [BNP, 2296:2297] benefits system for these bogus | asylum seekers | is removed, the flood
Texts do not always appear nicely in your R console, so you can use View() to see the keywords-in-context in an interactive HTML table.
View(kw_asylum)